Excavating Foundation

Excavation for Foundation Before any excavation work starts, you must plan the work carefully and give due consideration to the safety aspects, particularly any potential hazards such as services and cables beneath the ground. Excavation Depth  Typically, deep strip foundation such as the ones shown here for a new extension will be a metre deep. The anticipated...

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Sand Cone Test

DENSITY OF SOIL IN PLACE BY THE SAND-CONE METHOD SCOPE This method of test is intended for determine the in-place density of soils. The apparatus described herein is restricted to the tests in soils containing particles not large than 2� in diameter. APPARATUS  Sand pouring Apparatus Standard sand-graded between the No.25 and No.52 B.S. Sieves  Soil tray...

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Preparation of The Construction Site

Introduction  The construction site is usually prepared in two steps: first the vegetation is cleared, and then the surface soil layer is removed. These operations can be done either by hand or by machine.in both case, special pieces of equipment such as ropes, cables and chains may be required. You will learn about these first, to be able to make the best and safest...

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